THE IMPACT OF FERTILIZING SORBENT TREATMENT OF SOILS POLLUTED WITH HEAVY METALS ON ANATOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL GROWTH PROPERTIES OF TURFGRASS 

Nevedrov Nikolay Petrovich, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, sub-department of biology and ecology, Kursk State University (33 Radishcheva street, Kursk, Russia), E-mail: 9202635354@mail.ru
Smitskaya Galina Igorevna, Student, Kursk State University (33 Radishcheva street, Kursk, Russia), E-mail: budakovag@mail.ru 

631.415 

DOI

10.21685/2307-9150-2020-4-7 

Background. Heavy metal soil pollution of urban ecosystems inhibits the growth of lawn grasses, which leads to a deterioration in their attractiveness. We have carried out a research that focuses on the influence of heavy metals soil pollution and the use of technologies for their detoxification on the anatomical and morphological indicators of the growth of lawn grasses.
Materials and methods. In the course of the laboratory experiment, the change in the morphological and anatomical parameters of the aboveground organs of lawn grasses (Loliumperenne, Festucarubra, Poapratensis) were investigated during the
treatment of urban soil polluted by Pb (34 MAC) and Cd (1,4 MAC) with a fertilizer-sorbent based on natural material – Callovian clays (overburden of the Mikhailovsky mine) in doses: 9; 18; 36 t/ha.
Results. The influence of anthropogenic pollutants (Pb and Cd) during 21 days of growing lawn grasses under laboratory conditions did not lead to statistically significant changes in such morphometric parameters of aboveground organs of lawn grasses as shoot length and leaf blade area. Soil pollution by Pb and Cd, as well as soil treatment with a fertilizer-sorbent, had a significant impact on biomass production by lawn grasses. The action of the fertilizer-sorbent stimulates gas exchange and transpiration in plants. The number of stomata on the leaf blades of lawn grasses when the soil was treated with a fertilizer-sorbent increased by 45,7–68,2 %. The change in the mesostructure of the leaf (the number of stomata per unit area of the leaf blade) of lawn grasses is a more indicative parameter for determining the degree of environmental pollution by Pb and Cd than the morphometric characteristics of the shoot.
Conclusions. Fertilizer-sorbent not only ensured the fixation of HMs in the soil, but also contributed to the formation of protective mechanisms in plants against their excessive accumulation. The use of the mesostructural approach makes it possible to estimate the limits of plant tolerance to environmental pollution, to reveal the influence of HM pollution and various doses of fertilizer-sorbent at the anatomical and morphological level. Adding a fertilizer-sorbent to urban soil polluted by Pb and Cd makes it possible to increase the efficiency of gas exchange and transpiration of lawn grasses by 2–3,3 times. 

Key words

lawn grass, clay, Callovian, fertilizer is a sorbent of heavy metals, urbanozem 

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